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After The Twins Enter Elementary School, Do They Do Homework Separately Or Together?

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Friends who follow this official account know that my twins are entering first grade this year.

After entering elementary school, there is a huge difference from the situation in kindergarten.

Children are very adaptable.

Now, half a semester later, they have become a pair of qualified primary school students.

But I'm still adjusting.

Why do you say that?

Because this was my first time taking care of twin elementary school students, my previous experience was zero.

Learn everything from scratch.

A while ago, the most frequently asked question from my friends who consulted me was whether it is better for twins to be in the same class or in separate classes.

I have also gone through an ideological struggle on this issue.

Later, after reading information, asking friends, thinking deeply, and all kinds of "deep deliberation", we finally reached a consensus with the two children after many discussions: they are in the same class.

Regarding twins going to school, under the current educational situation, it is best for them to be in the same class in kindergarten.

In the lower grades of elementary school, it is best to be in the same class.

Some schools have different management and will reclassify students in senior grades. This kind of school is best for twins.

In the upper grades of primary school, it is more appropriate for twins to be in separate classes.

Here, I will give you a survey data sheet made by a twin mother for your reference.

As shown below:

This data is very intuitive and is based on actual survey conditions.

However, the data at the primary school level cannot express subjective wishes. is forced to choose.

Because many schools do not give parents and children the opportunity to choose regarding class placement.

However, what I want to share today is not about being in the same class, but about homework.

I have said so much before, but I want to say that when the twins enter elementary school for the first time, we have to think about and solve many more things than the children.

Parents need more preparation and adaptation.

Just being in the same class has already made me do a lot of homework.

Now, after all my efforts, my two children are in the same class as I wished.

Then here comes the new problem, which is to do homework!

Twins in the same class have exactly the same homework, which is indeed more convenient, but it also requires more parent-child interaction.

Homework needs to be done in sync. Two children must do the same listening, speaking, reading and writing once each. What should parents do?

At the same time, their small actions and mutual influence together also follow.

Yes, the opposite of twins cooperating with each other is interfering with each other.

Doing homework together, quiet for less than two minutes.

Look where I wrote

Let me see how you wrote it

You took my eraser

I took your ruler

Put your books in my schoolbag

Put my notebook in your document bag

Your legs are stretched too far to touch me

My feet are dangling and I kick you

…

All kinds of small frictions arise one after another.

In fact, these small problems are not big problems.

But the problem is: they have all kinds of extraneous things, which are all wasted time.

There were a lot of people talking, and time passed really quickly.

In the friction, time slips away quietly, and the quality of the work is greatly compromised.

Moreover, the interference also affects concentration.

Therefore, it is definitely not possible for two children to do homework together. They must have their own separate place.

The twins cannot sit together to do homework, and the first priority is to separate.

But how to divide it?

Each person is in a room, and each writes his or her own story, but there are problems.

In the critical period of first grade of elementary school, the characteristic of homework is that it requires parents to accompany it.

Let them figure it out, that's the dream.

Because they don't know much about literacy, they need help reading the questions.

Especially for math homework, even if the questions have pinyin, parents need to help read it once before they can understand it thoroughly.

One calls mom.

Half a minute later, that one was also calling mom.

There will be emotion in the tone. Even if there is no emergency, shout urgently.

The bigger problem is that at least 60% of primary school homework in Chinese and English requires listening, reading and memorizing.

These listening and reading memorization require taking videos, recording, uploading, and clocking in.

Children cannot do it independently without company.

Moreover, all assignments must be signed.

If you don't accompany your child to listen and read it three times, the parent's signature will be too perfunctory.

In the long run, this is actually detrimental.

So, when the two children are doing homework in different rooms, the mother needs to be available.

No matter what kind of "tiger" mother, the tiger body must also listen to instructions.

The figure of the tiger mother, echoing the shouts of the two babies, shuttled between the two rooms.

Nana floats in and out again and again.

The corridor is full of my little steps.

After experiments, the twins did their homework in separate rooms. At least in the first grade of elementary school, doing homework in separate rooms would be very hectic.

So how to arrange it?

I recently gathered both children together in the living room.

A desk is arranged near the dining room.

Another desk is placed near the balcony.

After testing, the effect is good.

This distance will neither interfere with each other nor distract.

The writing part can be completed quietly and independently in one go.

For the listening and reading part, they each hold tools. As long as I sit on the sofa, I can dictate to two people at the same time, play recordings for two people, and listen to the low-decibel reading sounds of two people at the same time.

If there is any problem, I will step over it in two steps and provide immediate guidance.

The other one, when he looked up, saw each other and his mother, he no longer panicked and shouted anxiously.

in addition

The coffee table in the living room is the most useless thing.

You can replace it with a study table, not a desk for homework, but a desk like an art class.

If the twins have issues that need to be discussed together, or they need to write handwritten newspapers, draw pictures, etc., or if they need to help each other with homework, they can complete it on this table.

If you have twins at home, you can transform the living room into a place for them to study and communicate.

Not close, but not far apart either.

Twins were born to play together, learn together, and grow up together.

They are more adaptable than single-born children, adapting to living and learning with another person, adapting to acceptance, adapting to tolerance, and adapting to waiting when parents or teachers can't take care of it all.

Therefore, at least in primary school, the growth and learning of twins cannot be completely separated.

Even in junior high school, as long as they don't live on campus, they still have to study and communicate with each other.

It's not that when they grow up and don't need their parents to accompany them, they can just do their homework separately.

It's that they adapt to the presence of another person, do not interfere, and are not disturbed. This is the healthiest and most practical way to get along.

Twins have natural advantages. Parents need good guidance from an early age, and the older they get, the more worry-free they will be.

END

Why Is Magic Tower, A Dark-style Strategy Game, Still So Popular?

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Today Zhuzi will introduce to you a small game full of childhood memories of those born in the 80s and 90s.

Not long after the smartphone was released, its first prototype was born.

A few years later, when it was introduced to China, it became well-known on various large and small game websites.

Nowadays, there are many versions of this game emerging, and it can be said that the MOD has also attracted a large number of fans.

It is "Magic Tower", translated into Chinese as "Magic Tower"

(Original game interface of Magic Tower)

Although most people have personally experienced this game or know something about it, few people know the origin of "Magic Tower".

"Magic Tower" is a flash game released on PC by the Japanese Oz on August 23, 1998. We play a brave man who saves the princess, climbs the 50-story tower, and defeats the big devil. The graphics are rough and the story is simple, but the routine of climbing up and defeating monsters to become stronger is already the prototype of the game.

(3D Magic Tower game interface produced by the original author)

In 2003, based on the 50-story Magic Tower, the domestic "Fat Mouse Studio" adapted it into a Chinese version, but it was different from the original work, with only 21 floors, and the plot was also very different.

Even so, the popularity of this game in China is probably enough to surprise the author.

Fat Mouse Studio launched versions 1.1 and 1.2 in the following years, expanding it to 24 layers. This version of the magic tower is the most widely circulated magic tower in the country. This was the version we played on small game websites like 4399 back then.

(The nostalgic starting game interface)

Later, the original version of the 50-story Magic Tower was found by a Chinese who knew some Flash knowledge, so the widely circulated Chinese version of the 50-story Magic Tower was created. After this version was released, the original Magic Tower was finally known to the Chinese people.

(Challenge the 49th floor devil)

The brave man who came to save the princess was unable to defeat the devil, but he was unexpectedly supported by the fairy. Of course, in order to obtain the fairy's BUFF bonus, we had to help her find key props.

After using the key to open the key door, the brave man embarks on the journey.

In the magic tower, there are actually only a few simple calculation methods.

Attack power – defense power = blood deduction.

Defense power ≥ attack power = no blood loss at all.

25 gold coins can be exchanged for one attack, defense, and blood volume, and 30 experience points can be exchanged for one attack and defense.

Don’t underestimate this simple setting. Countless people cannot pass the red bat on the 8th floor…

In order to save your health to the greatest extent, it is crucial to improve your defense at the right time. After all, as long as your defense is equal to the monster's attack, you will not be injured again. Sparing unnecessary weak monsters from fighting is the key.

(If you buy the wrong thing, you may not be able to beat it)

At the same time, in order to "impress" the enemy, attack is definitely the main attribute in the early stage.

Well, attack is important as well as defense, but resources are limited, so you must make reasonable use of these resources to have a chance to challenge the big devil.

So, depending on your personal strategy, there is no absolutely correct way to add points. In order to challenge for high scores, some experts come up with all kinds of weird attempts.

In addition to numerical values ​​in the game, there is also the acquisition of keys and other props. Since the necessary mechanism to open the door is added, if you spend all the keys for some items, you will be desperate.

The props in the game are also quite diverse, including the hero's basic sword and shield, badges for checking monster attributes, shoes for quickly flying to a specific level, and crosses that can double attributes.

It can be said that constantly checking monster attributes and obtaining the highest rewards at the lowest cost is the core gameplay of the Magic Tower game.

The difficulty is really quite high. When I reviewed it today, I got stuck several times (if I get stuck, I have to start over or read the game). Let me give you some advice. The attack must be increased to 105 or above, otherwise you will definitely not be able to get past that stinky bat on the 8th floor… Then don't attack unnecessary monsters in the early stage, calculate the values ​​​​and add defense.

What's more embarrassing is that the version Zhuzi plays does not have skip functions such as fast forwarding. If your attack power happens to be a little higher than the monster's defense power, you will really get angry…

Later, 0ksh produced a prototype of the magic tower for RMXP, and more and more people participated in the production of the magic tower. Now there are many versions of the magic tower on the market, and there are also some excellent adaptations.

(A good adaptation of the Magic Tower – never to return)

There are also some weird machines that can be used to brave the magic tower, such as the calculator below that I dreamed of when I was a kid…

I really want such a magical calculator! ! !

It is said that a master transplanted it to this compilable and developed calculator, which can be said to be special!

As various versions of magic towers emerge in endlessly, the current team of magic tower fans is also growing day by day. The fun of dismantling other people's towers and starting to build your own towers has also made countless players fascinated by this very simple but full of puzzles flash game. .

(Other adapted versions of Magic Tower)

From the hero who had an attack and defense of 10 when he first entered the game, he finally became a hero who singled out the big devil. Fighting cautiously, walking on thin ice, victory is calculated step by step.

In the middle of the game, he was accidentally knocked down to nearly 0 blood. After going through many hardships, he strengthened his strength and returned to the way he came from, crushing the opponent who once seemed invincible.

The simple game content makes people appreciate some philosophy and logic of the twists and turns of life. Resurrection is the necessary condition for a bright future, and bleak management is the logic of victory on the road to slaying the dragon.

About Pocket Dark:

"Pocket Darkness" is an idle stand-alone Diablo RPG game. A large number of equipment, rune words, and legendary equipment can be obtained in this stand-alone game. It has an awesome stand-alone plot, simple operation, and rich gameplay. It automatically releases skills and can brush equipment at will. It is very playable. Players who like to brush equipment and play stand-alone games must not miss it!

Official game community:

Official QQ group

:

official Weibo

:pirate game

"Persona 5" Is The First Shot! What Games Are Worth Buying This February?

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Today is the first day of full resumption of work during this special Spring Festival holiday.

I wonder if you have already gone to work cautiously, or are you continuing to work online or attend live classes at home?

Although several major domestic game giants have successively announced news of delayed resumption of work, you don't have to worry too much if you want to play new games.

No, there will be many interesting games on the shelves in February. I haven’t been able to go out to play during the Spring Festival. I guess everyone can buy a few more games in their small coffers, right?

Next, let’s follow Xiaosheng to see what games are worth buying in February!

Army 4: Dead War

Release date: February 4

Release price: $25.99

Game platform: PS4/Xbox One/PC

Game type: shooting game

As you can tell from the name, this is a relatively hard-core shooting game. Players who like zombie thrillers can find the thrill of unlocking new equipment to kill zombies in this game. The graphics are also quite impactful. You can choose to play alone or cooperate with up to 4 people to face the incoming Nazi zombie army.

At the same time, compared to the previous game, the zombies this time also have new upgrades, including ghoul-like predators, bulky armored elites, terrifying shadow demons, exploding suicide generals and many other weird and terrifying enemies.

" 1"

Release date: February 5

Sale price: 18 yuan

Game platform: PC

Game Type: Shooting Racing

When I saw this game on Steam, I deeply doubted whether it was created by someone who was too bored at home due to pneumonia (no), because in the game, the player needs to play a sperm and race against 7 other players to win the prize. The first one to meet an egg proves that he is the best.

It is said that November will usher in a baby boom, and singles like me finally don’t have to laugh at ourselves and envy others at the same time. Let’s customize the appearance of our brothers in the game and have a vigorous race! Not only single player, but also local multiplayer!

The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance Tactics Edition "The Dark : Age of"

Release date: February 4

Sale price: TBD

Game platform: PS4/Xbox One//PC

Game Type: Strategy War Chess

As an adaptation of the Muppet animated series "The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance," the cartoon-like turn-based tactical strategy gameplay is nothing new.

However, if you happen to be a fan of animation, you can personally experience more than 50 unique turn-based RPG battles in the game, and lead a growing Gevlin rebel army to resist the brutal oppression of them. Skeeth and all, it was still a very good experience.

Granblue Fantasy " : "

Release date: February 6

Release price: 6980 yen

Game platform: PS4

Game type: fighting game

First of all, please understand clearly that it is not "Azur Lane" or "Granblue Sea", but "Granblue Fantasy", a new game of "Granblue Fantasy", which is adapted from the popular mobile game "Granblue Fantasy". As a beautiful 2D Japanese fighting game, even if you are not good at operation, you can still find the joy of fighting in this game.

After all, in addition to fighting elements, the game also has a relatively rich RPG game experience, and you can gain experience by completing tasks. PS. The publisher recently announced that the sales of the fighting game "Granblue Fantasy" have exceeded 150,000 copies, including sales of both digital and physical versions.

Hatsune Miku: Diva Project MEGA 39's "Miku: Diva Mega 39's"

Release date: February 13

Release price: 5990 yen

gaming platform:

Game type: music game

Come on, come on, Hatsune-sama’s new work is finally here~! "Hatsune Miku: Project Diva's" contains a total of 100 classic songs from the Hatsune Miku series over the past ten years, plus a new theme song newly produced for this game, a total of 101 songs.

There is also a new 3D model of Princess Miku and up to 300 sets of costumes, and even a pinch mode! Exclusive to PS.NS, are you ready for yours?

Dream ""

Release date: February 14

Release price: $39.99

Release platform: PS4

Game type: Adventure

The new work of Media, the creator of "LittleBigPlanet" that took two years, is a very wonderful game that continues the production team's consistent concept of "games, creation, and sharing" while also bringing players a different visual and gaming experience.

In the game, players can freely use their imagination, model freely, and generate an AI character. After the creation is completed, they can also use body-sensory control to depict the world in their dreams.

"Shaolin VS Wudang 2"

Release date: February 14

Sale price: Not yet announced

Game platform: PC

Game type: Fighting

This game is the sequel to the fighting game "Shaolin VS Wudang" and is produced by a foreign independent producer. The previous game can be said to be a love letter to classic kung fu movies, and it has received very good reviews from players on Steam.

In a few days, the latest game will be launched on Steam, continuing the spirit of the previous game. You can see various genres and Kung Fu stars you are familiar with, and it supports Simplified Chinese.

Persona 5: Phantom Striker "5: The"

Release date: February 20

Release price: 8,800 yen

Game platform: PS4/

Game Type: Role Playing | Unparalleled

The most anticipated game of this month is finally here. It is an unparalleled action RPG game jointly developed by Atlus and Koei Tecmo's ω-Force. The plot will follow about half a year after the ending of P5, and the hearts gathered again during the summer vacation. The Phantom Thieves are involved in a mysterious "change of heart incident" and they need to travel around Japan to uncover the hidden truth.

PS. The release date of this game is the same as the PS4 Chinese version of the game "Persona 5 Royal Edition". Whether you like RPG or Musou, you can get two copies. PPS. The Chinese version of "Persona 5 Brawl: Phantom Striker" (P5S) will be released on June 18, and will be available on PS4 and other platforms!

Side Story of the Shi Dao: The God of Swords ""

Release date: February 21

Release price: 3980 yen

Game platform: PS4//PC

Game Type: Role Playing

A maze exploration game with a Japanese-style background. Players will play the role of a samurai in white holding a katana, using superb sword skills to fight enemies. At the same time, they need to make and sell weapons through materials collected in the maze, and open a swordsmith shop. , build your own weapons for fighting.

One PUNCH MAN A HERO KNOWS

Release date: February 28

Sale price: 268 yuan

Game platform: PS4/Xbox One/PC

Game type: fighting game

The strongest man on the surface – Teacher Saitama is here. As the latest 3v3 fighting game from Bandai Namco, it is adapted from the original webcomic of ONE.

The game features well-known characters from comics/animations, including Saitama, Genos, Fubuki, Sonic, Unlicensed Knight, etc., who will all appear in the game. Supports single and 2-player online play, including standard version and deluxe version.

The world of horror "World Of"

Release date: February 20

Sale price: TBD

Release platform: PS4//PC

Game Type: Role Playing | Horror

This game has a very strong Junji Ito style. The author admitted that it was greatly influenced by Junji Ito's comics. It is "a love letter to Junji Ito and the 1bit MAC style aesthetic."

The story is set in Japan in 198X. The real world began to collapse, and tough little creatures began to appear, causing the seaside town to fall into despair. At the same time, the greedy old gods began to awaken. Players need to fight a war with almost no chance of winning in the game, and decide the direction of fate based on cards.

Rachel Foster's Suicide "The of"

Release date: February 20

Sale price: 58 yuan

Sales platform: PC

Game type: Indie game | Adventure

In this first-person puzzle adventure game, players are trapped in a dark family mystery in a desolate mountain hotel in the early 1990s. You will explore a magnificent old mountain hotel and discover the mystery that haunts it. secret.

The first-person perspective immersive experience of the game is well done. It is not just a surprise, but also a thought-provoking story about love and deception. It will also be launched on Xbox One and PS4 platforms in the future.

Chivalry Song "Songs Of Wuxia"

Release date: February 28

Sale price: TBD

Sales platform: PC (expected to also be available on mobile phones)

Game Type: Martial Arts RPG

Yes, ancient style + two-dimensional turn-based RPG is the main feature of this game. Players will play the role of Lu Lingji, a martial arts genius. In a limited time, they can hone their skills, cultivate goodwill, break through trials, and gain strength to pursue their own path.

Although the painting style and characters of the game look a little familiar, since it is a domestic independent game, you can still pay attention to it. I just hope that the price is not inflated.

——I am the dividing line of mobile games——

In addition to PC/console games, there are also many new mobile games launched this month. Come and see if there are any games you like!

"Train's Juekuzama"

Type: Puzzle

The gameplay of this game is still very magical, because what you have to do is to grab seats in the game… Just use the passengers or props in the car to make the seats vacant, and then click on the empty seats to make the person wearing Superman The man in costume sat down smoothly.

It can be said that the game is very imaginative. The man would do anything to get a seat, and even put thumbtacks on the seat to frame the ninja! Well, in real life, I still hope that everyone can be kind and give up their seats to people who need it more!

"Deep Sea Aquarium Polar"

Type: place to grow

Are you bored at home counting leaves, do you really need something to heal your lonely soul? Don’t miss this game of raising penguins/polar bears/seals/sea lions! The gameplay is very simple. Just click on the screen to collect "life force" and raise cute polar animals such as penguins and polar bears to make the polar region lively.

Although the screen is quite empty when you first start playing, as long as you click on the screen hard, you can have those cute animals, and you will feel very good when you see the screen full of blue!

"Operation Stormy Island"

Type: Survival

The hero routine survival mobile game produced by NetEase Leihuo Studio will finally be launched this month after two years of testing.

The game focuses on oriental fantasy themes and combines "action fighting" and "survival competition". Players will choose heroes from all walks of life to go to Fengyun Island, collect resources and equipment from scratch, strengthen their own level, stand out from fifty heroes, and compete for the sky. Choose the name of a warrior and save the world of Star Sea.

"Summer at Cherry Cove"

Type: Nurture management

A new concept idol management and development mobile game officially authorized by AKB48. The game is based on the world's popular female idol group AKB48. It 100% restores the perspective of a real agent. Encounter with the idol in Cherry Bay and start a cross-dimensional idol development process. trip.

"Breaking Up Couples 7"

Type: Puzzle

You can instantly understand the series just by looking at its name. Valentine's Day is coming soon. Although many couples will not be able to meet each other on Valentine's Day this year, isn't the point of our FFF group to break up a couple and make them a couple!

Above, I wonder if you have found a game you like?

Finally, a piece of good news! The interactive puzzle game "She sees Red" is currently available for free on iOS and platforms, and supports Chinese.

This is an interactive thriller filmed by real people. You will play a detective responsible for tracking down a murder that occurred in a nightclub. The murderer is continuing their killing spree while leaving a large amount of evidence behind. Like puzzle games of the same type, if you make different choices, you will affect the development of the plot and solve all the mysteries.

If you are a fan of puzzle games, don’t miss this limited free offer!

Click to view

Food Control: Research Progress Of Aptamer Sensor Technology In The Detection Of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

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Professor Wang Zhouping's team from the School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University published a review paper titled "of in the of" (Research Progress of Aptamer Sensor Technology in the Detection of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria) in Food.

Summary:

In recent years, foodborne pathogenic bacteria have attracted increasing public concern. Therefore, constructing a simple, fast, effective, and low-cost rapid detection method has become an important issue in the field of food safety. Among them, aptasensors are emerging biosensors in the fields of food safety, detection and control. Nucleic acid aptamers (Nucleic acid aptamers) are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that specifically bind to proteins or other small molecules through systematic evolution of exponentially enriched ligands (SELEX) and other derivative technologies. Nucleic acid aptamers are widely used in food safety testing due to their wide range of target molecules, high sensitivity, strong specificity, and good stability. This article will review the latest research on aptamers of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, potential applications and optimization methods of aptasensors in foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Finally, we hope that this review can provide new ideas and approaches for the development and application of aptamer sensors for foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

Research on fit of tops_Research on fit of tops_Research on fit of tops

Fig. 1. of paper.

2.Adapter

Fig. 2. , and of the . (A) of the . (B) . (C) the of the L3 by a , with from Ref (Ma et al., 2022). (D) of the by a 2′- O-RNA base, from Ref (Maio et al., 2017).

4. Combination of aptamers and biosensors

Research on fit of tops_Research on fit of tops_Research on fit of tops

4.1 Application of aptamers in colorimetric sensors

Fig. 3. The -based . (A) based on label-free AuNPs (a), (b). (B) of for S., with from Ref (Wei et al., 2022). (C) n of the for of S. , from Ref (Yu et al., 2020).

4.2. Application of aptamers in fluorescence sensors

Research on fit of tops_Research on fit of tops_Research on fit of tops

Fig. 4. The -based . (A) of the S. , with from Ref (Ren et al., 2019). (B) for V. , from Ref (Wu, 2019). (C) for E. , with from Ref (Yao et al., 2021).

4.3. Application of aptamers in electrochemical sensors

Fig. 5. The -based . (A) for of C. , with from Ref (Peng et al., 2019). (B) for B. , from Ref ( et al., 2019). (C) the of E. coli, with from Ref (Hua et al., 2018).

4.6 Zoom in

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Fig. 6. The of the -based , and -based .(A) of V. , from Ref (Wu et al., 2015). (B) of P. , with from Ref (Xie etal., 2022). (C) for the of E. coli, from Ref (Yang et al., 2020).

5. Conclusion Future Prospects and Challenges

Foodborne pathogenic bacteria are an important threat to food safety. In summary, this article reviews the research progress of aptamers in food-borne pathogenic bacteria in recent years, as well as the application of aptamer sensors in the detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. These aptamer-based biosensors exhibit good detection sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy by introducing new signal transduction systems and multiple amplification strategies. We can find that colorimetric and fluorescent sensors have similar detection limits. But fluorescent sensors tend to have a larger detection range, while electrochemical sensors have the highest sensitivity and the lowest detection limit. However, during the application process, there are still some challenges that need to be solved in the application of these biosensors.

With the development of SELEX technology, the selection of faster and more accurate nucleic acid aptamers and a series of nucleic acid aptamer optimization methods are also conducive to obtaining more stable, better performance, higher affinity, and lower costs. of nucleic acid aptamers. Currently, in terms of aptamers, obtaining more stable and higher affinity aptamers is the direction of development. To achieve this goal, analyzing the specific binding sites of bacterial aptamers and the specific components of bacterial whole cells has become a key issue. However, due to the complexity of bacteria, there are few studies on the analysis of aptamer-bacterial binding sites and the molecular resolution of bacterial-aptamer binding. In order to solve the above problems, the application of computational prediction tools has become particularly important. In addition to using computers for primary sequence analysis, two-dimensional and three-dimensional structure prediction, how to complete the docking of complex targets such as food-borne pathogenic bacteria and aptamers and conduct corresponding molecular dynamics simulations to more accurately evaluate aptamers The stability of the body-target complex and determining its binding energy are also future considerations. Continuing developments along this direction could enhance the practical significance of aptamers.

Research on fit of tops_Research on fit of tops_Research on fit of tops

In terms of sensors, aptamer sensors targeting the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria have been a hot research topic in recent years. Optical aptamer sensors can detect changes in color or absorbance by direct observation. The electrochemical aptasensor has high sensitivity. A large number of papers have been published in this field, but most of them are verification of conceptual models and lack the potential for clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to improve aptasensor technology and sensor practicality. On the one hand, due to the complex composition of actual samples and the influence of environmental factors, the structure and properties of aptamers will change. Such as protein, lipid carbohydrates, pH and temperature, etc.

Nonspecific binding of aptamers may also lead to false-positive results, a phenomenon known as matrix effect. For example, target substances in milk can easily combine with other proteins to form polymers, thus affecting the detection results. This problem is often solved by diluting the sample before analysis or by protein precipitation. However, both processes are time-consuming. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effects of environmental factors, actual sample compositions of proteins and lipids on aptamer-target binding to guide the application of aptamers in detection systems. On the other hand, detected foodborne pathogens can present false positives due to mutations. Selecting aptamers that target specific components of bacteria can help avoid mutations. For example, bacteria can be identified through targeted screening of aptamers targeting specific proteins or polysaccharide components.

Sensors with high sensitivity are usually achieved by using one or more signal amplification methods. However, different amplification methods also have their limitations. Magnetic enrichment of magnetic species may affect signal intensity, and combination with enzymatic reactions may hinder the sensor's ability to function optimally in real-world and complex samples. The main challenge with nanomaterials is ensuring sensor stability and fabrication reproducibility. The solution to these problems is also the future development direction of fitness sensors.

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Liu Juewen: New Research On A Classic Aptamer—binding Site, Cooperativity, And More Sensitive Adenosine

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In 1995, scientists first discovered an adenosine aptamer with a length of 27 nt. So far, this aptamer has been widely used in biophysical research and the development of biosensors. NMR results show that the aptamer has two identical binding sites, while most small molecule aptamers only have one binding site. Adjusting the number of binding sites is of great significance in affecting the sensitivity of the biosensor. Therefore, Liu et al. hope to experimentally explore whether the two adenosine binding sites are independent and cooperative, and measure the thermodynamic parameters of the binding process through isothermal titration calorimetry ITC to improve the detection performance of the biosensor.

The secondary structure of the initially selected adenosine aptamer is shown in Figure 1A, named Apt2a. It can bind to two adenosine molecules, and the two binding sites are "Site1" and "Site2" respectively. According to its NMR results, each adenosine can interact with two nearby nucleotides through hydrogen bonds and overlap with guanine through reverse mismatching, and these two sites have the same binding effect. Subsequently, the research team used isothermal titration calorimetry ITC to characterize the thermodynamic properties of its binding process. Using this label-free technology, the Kd value of the wild-type aptamer was found to be 16.4 μM, and each aptamer was able to bind 2.1±0.2 adenosine molecules (Figure 2A).

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of secondary structures and binding sites of wild-type and mutant aptamers.

Figure 2 Relevant thermodynamic parameters and specific characterization of wild-type and mutant aptamers

After confirming the binding thermodynamic properties, the research team wanted to verify whether one of the binding sites could be removed while the binding affinity and specificity of the other site were still retained. Therefore, a G5T mutant was introduced in the study, in which a C base was inserted to pair with G22, resulting in an increase of two base pairs. As shown in Figure 1B, this mutant is called Apt1a, and it is speculated that the base adjustment in it will eliminate the presence of binding site 1. The ITC results showed that the Kd value of mutant Apt1a was 12.0 μM, and each aptamer was able to bind 1.1±0.1 adenosine molecules, which was in line with the expected design. Both wild-type and mutant aptamers bind to the target with specificity, and there is no thermal response when adding cytidine or guanosine (Figure 2A and B, red and blue lines). Therefore, the research team successfully eliminated adenosine binding site 1 and retained binding site 2, experimentally proving for the first time that the classic adenosine wild-type aptamer can be transformed into a single-site aptamer.

Subsequently, the research team experimentally verified the thermodynamic equivalence of the two binding sites. They used the same approach to design Apt1b, retaining adenosine binding site 1 and blocking binding site 2 (Figure 1C). The Kd value was determined to be 14.1 μM through ITC experiments, and each aptamer was able to bind 0.8±0.2 adenosine molecules, proving that the two binding sites have similar binding affinity. Although there are certain differences in the entropy and enthalpy of the binding reaction, the two binding sites are basically equivalent.

In the above experiments, the research team blocked the response binding site by introducing new base pairs and replacing base pairs, but the stable structure of the blocked binding site was still retained. Next, the research team tried to destroy the stable structure of its binding site by deleting specific base pairs, thereby removing the binding site. For example, they deleted the first three base pairs of the wild-type Apt2a aptamer, which also disrupted the target-binding ability of the Apt2b mutant (Figure 1D and Figure 2D). This experiment demonstrates that disrupting the structure of one junction site causes the second binding site to also be blocked, even though the second binding site is structurally intact. Therefore, for wild-type aptamers, any binding site can bind adenosine first, and the binding of any site can also stabilize the other site. Due to similar Kd values, it is unlikely that the two binding sites have a preference in binding order. In addition, the research team optimized the aptamer concentration and reaction temperature through ITC results. The optimal conditions for the reaction were 10 μM aptamer binding at 10°C (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Temperature optimization

In previous studies, this adenosine aptamer has been widely used in the development of biosensors. However, through the above studies, one binding site can be eliminated and shorter aptamers can be used for biosensing. For example, although the wild-type aptamer cannot be truncated, three base pairs can be deleted from the Apt1a mutant to generate Apt1c (Figure 1E), and ITC results indicate that the aptamer still retains the binding effect of the corresponding region (Figure 2E ), have similar Kd values ​​and bind only one adenosine. This mutant has only 21 nt compared to the 27 nt wild-type aptamer.

In addition, as shown in Figure 4, by directly fitting the above ITC data, it was found that the Hill coefficients of the three mutants were approximately 1, while that of the wild type was approximately 1.2. Therefore, it is shown that the two binding sites have a very weak cooperative relationship. In addition, the structures of Apt3 and Apt4 mutants are shown in Figure 1F-G. The Hill coefficients of the two are close to 2. It is speculated that the proximity of the two sets of binding sites may lead to enhanced cooperativity.

Figure 4 Relevant thermodynamic parameters of wild-type and mutant aptamers

Biosensors built using multi-binding site aptamers have low sensitivity when analyzing low concentrations. Therefore, this study is the first attempt to use single-binding site adenosine aptamers for biosensors to build a more sensitive biosensor by reducing the number of binding sites. As shown in Figure 5A, the Apt2a and Apt1a aptamer sequences were extended respectively, and the extended sequence was hybridized with a fluorescent group-labeled fragment (F-DNA). Part of the extended sequence and part of the aptamer sequence were hybridized with a quenching group-labeled fragment (F-DNA). Q-DNA) hybridization. In the presence of target adenosine, the nucleic acid aptamer folds and releases the quenching chain, resulting in enhanced fluorescence, thereby achieving quantitative detection.

Figure 5 Schematic diagram of biosensor principle

As shown in Figure 6A-B, the fluorescence intensity reached the maximum value 30 minutes after adding the target, and the adenosine concentration-maximum fluorescence intensity function graph drawn from the results is shown in Figure 6C. In the presence of low concentrations of adenosine, there was a roughly linear relationship between target concentration and fluorescence intensity (Figure 6D). The slope of the curve of the Apt1a mutant was 3.8 times that of wild-type Apt2a, and both groups showed good target specificity (Figure 6E-F). The biosensor constructed based on mutant Apt1a has a detection limit of adenosine of 9.1 μM.

Figure 6 Biosensor performance characterization

In summary, this study used reasonable sequence design to remove each binding site of the adenosine aptamer individually, and verified that each group has similar binding affinity and specificity through isothermal titration calorimetry ITC, and discussed its biochemical significance. Additionally, the number of target binding sites can be increased, with up to four sites introduced in a single DNA sequence. Moreover, different aptamer sequences can also be used to assemble fluorescent biosensors. At lower adenosine concentrations, the sensitivity of the single-site aptamer increased 3.8-fold, with a detection limit of 9.1 μM adenosine. This work provides a solution for studying the relationship between the number of aptamer binding sites and detection sensitivity, and also has great reference significance for the field of biosensors.

Comments:

1. This article modified the classic adenosine aptamer, explored the independence and cooperation between different binding sites of the aptamer, and realized the optimization and tailoring of the aptamer, which is of great innovative significance;

2. Through reasonable sequence design, this paper uses the modified aptamer to construct a fluorescent biosensor. At a lower adenosine concentration, the sensitivity of the single-site aptamer is increased by 3.8 times, and the detection limit is 9.1 μM;

3. This article has innovative concepts, clear ideas, complete characterization, and combines thermodynamics with aptamer research to enrich related characterization methods.

Can IQiyi Continue The "Flower Thousand Bones Model" By Launching Four Film And Television IP Games?

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On July 22, the "iQiyi Summer Game Tasting Meeting" hosted by iQiyi was held at the iQiyi Studio in Beijing. The latest developments in iQiyi's game and video game interactive strategy and several upcoming games were shared at the meeting. New products include "Beautiful Country" mobile game and web game, "Huan Cheng" web game, and "Huan Cheng H5".

According to iResearch data, iQiyi currently has 360 million PC users and 299 million mobile users. With a good user base and many popular IPs in its hands, iQiyi has also set its sights on the game market.

When talking about IP, Deng Houyun, general manager of iQiyi’s game division, said that relying on the effect of popular IP, through targeted and precise advertising, and the convenience of web games compared to mobile games, the same advertising space, H5 games adapted from film and television dramas The conversion rate is about 28 times that of mobile games adapted from film and television dramas. The survey shows that the continuous technological development of the H5 game engine in the past two years has improved the performance of the H5 game engine and brought a gaming experience that is not inferior to that of the APP. This has extended the life and appeal of H5 games to a certain extent.

Xu Weifeng, co-president of iQiyi

It is understood that the monthly revenue of the mobile game "Flower Thousand Bones" launched by iQiyi last year reached a peak of 200 million. The huge success of its "film game linkage" has triggered imitation by many manufacturers. What can be predicted is that it will be a more convenient channel for IP transfer to game monetization. In addition to becoming the focus of some high-quality IPs in the fields of TV series, movies, animations, and comics, in the future, the application of high-tech technologies such as VR will better amplify the advantages of IP brands. At the tasting meeting, iQiyi also said that some high-quality IPs will become the focus of competition for game developers, and prices will continue to rise.

Deng Houjun, General Manager of iQiyi Gaming Division

According to people familiar with the matter, the rights to adapt a high-quality IP game like Guo Jingming's smash hit novel "Fantasy City" can easily cost tens of millions or even hundreds of millions. iQiyi also admitted that the reason why it did not directly obtain the rights to adapt mobile games was because of the astonishing price of the rights to adapt mobile games.

One-stop Appv2.4 Free Download

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The game "One Stop to the End" is adapted from Jiangsu Satellite TV's game of the same name, with similar gameplay. This is also a witty clicker game. I've already seen an issue of the editor and I admire the five-player game. The host is waiting for your challenge! It is a puzzle game suitable for all ages. With five free pick-up rights, you can stop at the end of the period by defeating ten players! It is updated simultaneously with Jiangsu Satellite TV's '''' program, which brings the freshest challenges every week, do you want to try it? ?

One-stop game introduction

The most popular answering and fighting game is coming to the platform

★★Number one among educational games

★★Won the third prize in Tencent’s 2012 Innovation Competition

★Introducing the brand new "World War I", the most interesting puzzle answer game of 2013 that can be played online by real players.Do you dare to challenge the God of War? Practice the 1080-degree masterpiece magic with no dead ends, and just challenge it while "stopping". Maybe the next God of War will be you, the God of War in the past and

One Stop Game is an online question and answer game adapted from the popular large-scale comprehensive puzzle program on Jiangsu Satellite TV. I don't know if you ever competed in the Astronomy Education Council. The game is similar to Celestial Education Board.

Feature introduction

★The most gorgeous stage effects, with the illusion of live challenges

★The most beautiful background music

★The most exciting online intelligence challenge between real people

★Rich question bank system, covering more than 10,000 questions from all walks of life

★Question bank updated weekly, real-time hot topics, entertainment news and other industry question bank

★Puzzle quiz game for all ages that combines entertainment, puzzles and education

★Do you want to stop facing the cold war?

★Want to experience the collision of passion and excitement?

★Do you want to use your rich knowledge base to cope with peaks?

★All this at the end of the first battle

Highlights

Enter the game → Select the number of stages → Challenge 10 defenders → Get the title “One stop to the end”, challengers are entitled to two free answers.

"A very suitable game, I love it, I can't stop playing it all night long" "It's great, I don't have to watch TV on Thursday and Friday."

Review

You've only been able to watch it on TV, and now you can finally experience it for yourself…

I'm writing a review for the first time because I think the game is great

A very fun game! You can learn a lot from it

It’s An IP Game With Bad Money, But The Emotion Of “Harry Potter” Mobile Game Can’t Match The Bad Reputation

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IP game, a false proposition that has been fooled for many years

"Welcome back to Hogwarts."

On September 9, the new game "Harry Potter: Magic Awakened" was officially launched. Countless fans who received the "Hogwarts School Opening Notice" through phone calls, text messages, mini programs and other channels were enjoying the carnival on social media and games. Return to the magical world.

Since pre-downloading started three days before its launch, the game had already reached No. 2 on the App Store’s free games list, and it undoubtedly occupied the top spot on the day of its launch. It also ranked first on the Android site’s popular list, hot play list, and new product list.

With the blessing of IP, "Harry Potter: Magic Awakening" plays a big role in the emotional card. It restores the original elements such as sorting, taking magic classes, playing Quidditch, exploring the Forbidden Forest, and attending dance parties. It has become the favorite of many "Harry Potter fans" Social talk. The number of views on Weibo related topics about the game exceeded 2.5 billion in 3 days, and a total of 10 hot searches were on the list. It is currently an Internet celebrity game that is enough to break out of the industry.

The sentimental trend has concealed the weak reputation. As of press time, the game's rating is 6.3, down from 7.2 before its launch. It is also quite mediocre among new games. The krypton gold issue corresponding to the card gameplay has caused dissatisfaction among some players. Designs that violate the settings such as "first-year students can learn Avada's Kedavra and fight dragons in the Forbidden Forest" have received enthusiastic comments. "Fans of the original novel, run quickly."

This has laid hidden worries for the long-term operation of the game. To use a commonly used "slang" for Internet products: this game has a strong ability to attract new users in the early stage, but the activation ability of subsequent content and operations may affect the stickiness of users attracted by the IP.

"Harry Potter: Magic Awakens" is not alone. Although there are not many high-quality products, IP is still an important driving force for the growth of China's mobile game market. Gamma Data's "Mobile Game IP Market Development Report" shows that in 2020, the revenue of IP-adapted mobile games exceeded 100 billion yuan for the first time.

This year, companies will continue to increase their investment in IP games. Tencent Games announced 21 IP games at its annual press conference, including "Digimon", "One Punch Man", "Nobunaga's Ambition", etc.; NetEase Games' 520 press conference announced 15 IP games, such as "Pokémon Adventure". "Adventure", "Diablo: Immortal", etc.; at Perfect World's strategy conference held for the first time in three years, it focused on promoting classic IPs such as "Legend of Sword and Fairy", "Zhu Xian" and "Dragon"…

Flagship products introduced at the "Perfect World" press conference

However, this year, many IP mobile games have quickly turned from "hot" to "cold" soon after they were launched. "IP games can naturally attract a group of users, but in recent years there have been too many games with different IPs but similar gameplay." An analyst told Dumo.

At present, "Harry Potter: Magic Awakens" will not be the game-breaker.

Can't "Harry Potter" make a good game?

According to statistics in March this year, Harry Potter ranked tenth among the "50 Most Profitable IPs in the World", with revenue reaching US$32.2 billion. However, in a series of derivative developments around IP, game products have always been tepid.

As early as 2001, when the first movie was released, Warner collaborated with EA to release the stand-alone game "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". Since then, eight works have been released in the order of the movies. This series of games is positioned as an accessory to the movie. In order to match the release time of the movie, it lacks polish and has almost no sense of presence in the game market.

2001 game "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"

"Lego Harry Potter: Years 1-4" and "Lego Harry Potter: Years 5-7" were released in 2010 and 2011 respectively. The LEGO series has launched multiple IPs such as Marvel Heroes and Star Wars. It has a relatively mature production framework, and the Steam praise rates of these two games reached 84% and 89% respectively. However, due to the presentation method of Lego toys, the audience is relatively narrow.

After years of silence, the 2018 mobile game "Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery" brought this classic IP back to players' horizons. The gameplay of this game is too light and its form is close to a text adventure game. Although the revenue in the first month once reached more than 30 million US dollars, its reputation has always been sluggish. When it was first launched, its ratings on the App Store and Play were only 3.0 and 3.9 respectively.

The company that created the phenomenal game "Go" also produced "Harry Potter: Wizards Unite", which uses AR gameplay and can "capture magical animals" in reality. Unfortunately, it did not cause much response. . The $12 million in revenue in the first month pales in comparison to the $28 million in “Go” in four days.

"Harry Potter: Magical Alliance" game interface

It is not difficult to find that in the past, Harry Potter games either matched the movies, or had poor integration with IP, and applied IP to mature gameplay. There was a problem of "IP > Game". Such products will not be available in the game market. Strong competitiveness.

This time, the first authorized "Harry Potter: Magic Awakening" in China, the plot timeline is set after the decisive battle between Harry Potter and Voldemort, and the player enters Hogwarts as a "freshman". After the main line advances to a certain chapter, players can also experience the original story from Harry's perspective. At the setting level, we try to find a balance point that allows players to become involved.

However, the highly restored scenes of "Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry" in the game actually lack interactive details and exploration elements. If you download the game with the expectation of "exploring the fantasy open world of Harry Potter", this expectation will still be quickly wiped out.

Some players complained on the Internet: "The passages that look like they can be walked are actually walls of air; the library is completely a decoration for drawing cards, even if there are some books to make people sit down; after leaving the dormitory, you can only run, 24 hours a day The auditorium is filled with food that can only be seen…"

More negative feedback focuses on the core gameplay of the game, "card battle." "Harry Potter: Magic Awakening" has made certain innovations, combining the strategy of deck battles with the operability of real-time battles. Players also need to move and react during the battle, but the underlying design of the card game is limited. The upper limit of gameplay has been reached.

"Harry Potter: Magic Awakens" combat interface

"The dignified Harry Potter isn't just trying to make quick money, he's a greedy IP-destroying suture monster" is a harsh and common negative comment. According to the usual thinking of domestic mobile game design, when it comes to card drawing and development systems, it is almost equivalent to the game containing a lot of krypton gold elements. The quality of the cards is divided into several levels. The drop rate of drawing cards is not high. Upgrading a single card requires consumption. A large amount of resources, and the process of brushing resources without recharging is highly repetitive…

These guide players on the path to "Krypton" or "Liver". If the gap between the strength of the deck and the strength of the characters is too large, it will greatly affect the balance of competitive battles: "When I meet a krypton guy with zero krypton, I almost get slapped. The most fun part of all the sessions is dancing?"

There are a lot of social elements built into the game, and "Dance", which plays like a music game, is one of the representatives. However, since the main gameplay is still focused on single-player experience, the design of dormitories, clubs, and competitions among the four major colleges gave some players a feeling of "forced social interaction", which was ridiculed as "the gameplay is not enough to make up for the social interaction."

This mobile game, which was authorized by Warner in 2019, does not seem to have greater ambitions. It still follows the old path of "taking classic IP and stitching together gameplay", and there is no new breakthrough in the integration of IP and games. If players want to experience the authentic and huge magical world, they may have to wait.

Domestic manufacturers obsessed with IP

Domestic manufacturers have been obsessed with IP for a long time.

According to the division method of the "2021 China Self-developed Game IP Research Report", the development of my country's game IP has experienced two stages before 2015. During the "concept formation period" (before 2000), the Chinese game industry developed many A series of products, such as "Swordsman Love", "Xuanyuan Sword", "Legend of Sword and Fairy" and other high-quality stand-alone games, but due to specific circumstances, the monetization ability of such IP is poor.

"Xuanyuan Sword"

In the following 15 years, the IP concept of games has matured, and games such as "Fantasy Westward Journey", "Journey", "Ask" and "Legend" have been born. Client online games can provide long-term operation services and gradually gather a group of IP fans.

Among them, the representative company Perfect World was early to realize the potential of IP adaptation to attract money, and successively obtained the copyrights of four Jin Yong novels: "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", "The Legend of Heaven and Sword of the Dragon" and "Swordsman", and in 2012 Launched China's first mobile game product adapted from IP, "The Legend of the Condor Heroes".

After the advent of the mobile game era, "IP games" have roughly come into two categories – adaptations of stand-alone games, terminal game IPs and adaptations of IPs in other fields.

The target audiences of these two types of adaptations are not exactly the same. Game IP products focus on retention and iteration of inherent players, and usually have strong user stickiness. Adapted IPs from animation, film and television, and novels are intended to target a wider fan base and focus on External diversion.

Yuan Yu, vice president of China Mobile Games, once mentioned the priority of IP adaptation in an interview: "Game IP is our highest priority, such as "Legend" and "Legend of Sword and Fairy". The second is Japanese comics such as "Naruto" "Ninja". Followed by novels and movies, such as "The Legend of Heaven and Dragon Slaying" and "The Story of Chosen Heaven."

The overlap between the audience and player groups of hot-blooded Japanese comics is relatively high.The picture shows the mobile game "Naruto"

Around 2015, with the migration of game platforms to mobile phones and the rise of the IP concept, IP-adapted games ushered in an explosion. Various manufacturers continue to transform client games, animations, novels, etc. into mobile games. At the 520 press conference of NetEase Games in the same year, NetEase Game Marketing General Manager Wu Xinxin said bluntly: "I think 2015 is the first year of IP marketing for games."

In the IP plan of film and television companies and streaming media platforms seeking to eat more than one fish, games have become an important outlet. During the hottest years of "film-game linkage", film and television IPs such as "Flower Thousand Bones", "The Legend of Chu Qiao" and "The Legend of Miyue" were all adapted into games using the "IP + reskin" model.

From 2015 to the present, IP games have played an important role in China's game industry, and the overall revenue has continued to increase in recent years. In 2020, the number of IP-adapted mobile game products accounted for less than 30%, but the market share exceeded 57%.

"The rapid growth of the industry actually masks the problem of low research and development capabilities for most of China's game products." In a report in Caijing magazine, Analysys Interactive Entertainment Industry Analyst Liao Xuhua mentioned.

The neglect of research and development has resulted in the generally short life cycle of IP mobile games, and "film-game linkage" is even more short-lived. At the 4th China Film and Television Capital Summit, Xie Fei, CEO of Shengqu Games, who has experienced this craze, said, "Later, I found that doing film and game linkage projects is indeed unreliable. In the end, we still have to pay attention to our own products and users. .”

Except for a few successful cases, most IP-based products will encounter the problem of weak long-term revenue. This year, there are a number of IP games that were very popular in the early stage. After they were launched, they fluctuated greatly in the rankings. For example, the MOBA game "Marvel Super War" dropped from the top of the iOS free game list and fell out of the top ten within 10 days. The idle card game "Little Raccoon Hundred" "Jiang Chuan" fell out of the top ten in 5 days.

"The Little Raccoon's Hundred Generals"

In essence, IP games are just a shortcut found by many domestic manufacturers due to insufficient accumulation. The purpose of using IP is to "restore and enhance the experience", but in practice, the value of IP is mainly reflected in the value of traffic. IP adaptation is usually simply combined with mature gameplay, and the publicity threshold to attract users is lower than self-research.

Compared with adapting mature IP in other fields, it is more difficult for domestic manufacturers to form original IP that can be operated in the long term.

Mature game IP can radiate to multiple cultural and entertainment fields, allowing fans to pay for derivative products other than games. However, in order for most games to grow into IP, they require multiple generations of products to enrich content and continuously output influence, which is difficult to achieve in the fast-paced mobile game market.

Overseas mature game IPs such as "Call of Duty", "Final Fantasy" and "Assassin's Creed" have been accumulated for more than ten years or even decades. Among them, the relatively "young" "Assassin's Creed" has launched 12 main games in 13 years. These games not only guarantee stable revenue, but also have a certain cultural influence around the world.

"Assassin's Creed: Hall of Valor"

At last year's TGDC (Tencent Game Developers Conference), Pawel Wojs, the art director of the Total War development team, gave a keynote speech on the "Total War" series, pointing out that through more than 20 years of interpretation of different historical periods, the series has formed a stable style.

In addition, the stand-alone game markets in Europe, America, and Japan are relatively mature. Stand-alone games often require a high level of narrative, as well as a three-dimensional world view and character creation – these are the core of IP. Domestic games are mainly F2P (Free to play, free games), which determines that planning will pay more attention to systems and values.

It is a false proposition that numerical games should be IP-based.

Be wary of the vicious cycle of IP games

Due to historical reasons, in today's market environment, many manufacturers cannot help but fall into a vicious cycle – original IP is too difficult, so a large amount of existing IP is consumed, and there are too many reskinned games, which makes players gradually develop immunity to IP games. .

According to the "China Game Industry Report for the First Quarter of 2021", the number of Chinese game users in March 2021 decreased by 1 million compared with the previous month, a month-on-month decrease of 0.16%. This is the first time that the number of users in China's game industry has dropped in more than 20 years of development. Negative growth. Today's game market has been transforming from an incremental market to a stock market, and players will inevitably put forward higher requirements for game quality.

Data source: "China Game Industry Report for the First Quarter of 2021"

Continuing to make IP mobile games can be regarded as a helpless solution.

First of all, the status of leading products in many subdivided tracks has been relatively stable, such as "Honor of Kings" to MOBA, "Peace Elite" to battle royale, and "Three Kingdoms: Strategy Edition" to strategy. Since it is difficult to innovate the gameplay, "IP trapping" can at least achieve a good traffic diversion effect in the early stage.

Secondly, mastering IP can consolidate the company's top position. The game's code, planning and even art resources are not "unique", but exclusive IP licensing can bring players at least a superficial unique experience. Hoarding high-quality IP is an important way for manufacturers to build their own moats.

At this stage, the status of Tencent and NetEase, which attach great importance to IP, is still difficult to shake. Taking NetEase as an example, the second quarter financial report of this year showed that the game business revenue was 29.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.88%. This is inseparable from "Yu-Gi-Oh: Duel Link" and "Bao". The performance of new IP games such as "Kemon Adventures" also benefited from the stable revenue of flagship IPs such as "Westward Journey Mobile" and "Fantasy Westward Journey Mobile".

Finally, the discussion heat brought by IP games can sometimes become a "social internet celebrity product", which will slightly change the nature of the product. In the first half of the year, "Moore Manor" topped the App Store free list for 15 consecutive days, beating "Honor of Kings" to dominate the list, and became a hot topic in communities such as Weibo, Zhihu, and Douban.

The mobile version of "Moore Manor" in the first half of the year brought back many players' childhood memories.

However, in the long run, over-reliance on IP-adapted games such as stand-alone games, PC games, and film and television novels, without paying attention to early-stage research and development and not giving sufficient time to develop games into IPs, is obviously not conducive to the healthy development of the industry.

IP adaptation is not necessarily easy, and must face the difficult problem of how to restore the world view and how to combine it with specific gameplay. The "Naruto" mobile game has been successfully operating for five years. Cai Xiutong, head of Tencent Interactive Entertainment, once said that ""Naruto" has made great efforts to ensure that the control characters fit the original work." This IP already has a number of fighting works on the console platform, and has been supported by Bandai Namco’s materials in terms of skill design and impact feel. In fact, it has bypassed some technical barriers that need to be overcome.

From an audience perspective, IP games are aimed at loyal fans, outsiders, and "passers-by" at the same time. At present, those who can support domestic IP games are mostly outsiders, that is, players who have "heard of, are interested, but have not tried it." If the restoration is not in place or the gameplay is not suitable, both loyal users and casual players will leave after the novelty wears off. The former will support their beloved IP in other forms, while the latter will quickly invest their time in the next game.

Many players believe that the mobile game "Harry Potter" is "amazing at first sight, but tiring every day"

In recent years, the revenue of self-developed game IP has improved significantly. In 2020, the revenue of the Top 50 self-developed games has reached 145.6 billion yuan. The fundamental solution to alleviate traffic pressure is to start from the source of the content and let the game itself gradually grow into an entertainment IP, rather than covering the game with a layer of IP.

One of the successful examples, "Genshin Impact", has still demonstrated amazing long-term revenue capabilities nearly a year after its release. According to statistics from the "Domestic 2D Mobile Game Observation", the cumulative monthly revenue of each platform of "Genshin Impact" in July this year Still reached 2.3 billion yuan. Although the proportion of original content is still controversial, the three-year research and development cycle and development scale of "Genshin Impact" with a US$100 million investment have opened up a gap with most mobile games.

Companies that focus on self-developed IP have also posed certain challenges to leading manufacturers. According to Qimai Data’s August game developer revenue rankings, MiHoYo and Lilith ranked 5th and 8th respectively.

The explosive period of IP-adapted games has passed, and the mobile game market is entering a period of expansion of the value of self-developed game IP. In a healthy game market, the end point of "IP games" is not to "make quick money", but to become "game IP" and become a cultural symbol that can not only represent the enterprise but also be recognized by players.

Text | Liao Yizhou

Editor | Zhang Youfa

The Judge Studied The Characters And Martial Arts Names In Jin Yong's Novels To Determine The Infringement Of Online Games.

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In 2013, Daxing Company and martial arts novelist Jin Yong signed a "Mobile Terminal Game Software Adaptation Authorization Contract" for four works: "Legend of the Condor Heroes", "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", "Eternal Dragon Sword" and "Swordsman". .

The company is an online game developer and operator dedicated to building independent intellectual property rights. The above-mentioned contract stipulates that Daxing Company has the right to use the names, stories, characters, martial arts, and place names of the four works as prototypes, and transform them into game software exclusively for mobile terminal users, as well as the right to publicly publish and operate the "adapted software". For this reason, Daxing Company paid a total of 8 million yuan in copyright fees. Subsequently, Daxing Company adapted and completed the mobile game of the same name based on the novel content of "The Legend of the Condor Heroes" and "The Legend of the Condor Heroes" and conducted a public beta.

In May 2014, Daxing Company discovered that Pingjie Company had independently developed a mobile game called "Six Martial Arts". Daxing Company believes that Pingjie Company has used Jin Yong's four masterpieces as models without legal authorization and used a large number of original expressions in the works. In addition, Pingjie Company also used a large number of elements related to Jin Yong's works in the promotion of "Six Schools" on its official website. Ruibo Company, Aiyou Company, and Longyou Company participated in the actual operation of the "Six Martial Arts" mobile game and profited from it.

Therefore, Daxing Company filed a lawsuit against mobile game developer Pingjie Company, platform operators Ruibo Company, Aiyou Company and Longyou Company to Yangpu on the grounds of infringement of work adaptation rights, false publicity, and unfair competition that violated good faith. The District People's Court required the four defendants to immediately stop infringing Jin Yong's copyright. Pingjie Company issued a statement on its official website to eliminate the adverse effects and pay 10.2 million yuan in economic losses.

Defendant: Some characters in the game exist in history

The focus of the dispute between the two parties is whether the four works proposed by Daxing Company are similar to the "Six Schools" game in terms of content, characters, character relationships, plot development, etc.

In court, Daxing Company believed that Jin Yong's novels paid great attention to the names, relationships and personalities of the characters, and the shaping of the characters promoted the development of the storyline. The game involved in the case is the same as Jin Yong’s four novels in terms of the names, personalities and relationships between the characters, as well as the language dialogue, martial arts moves and main storyline. The game also has a question and answer session based on the content of Jin Yong's works.

Faced with the accusation of infringement, Pingjie Company argued that "Six Martial Arts" was a game independently created by the company, and obtained the software copyright registration certificate for the game on April 11, 2014, and did not implement what Daxing Company claimed. Copyright infringement. Moreover, the game involved in the case does not have a clear storyline. Although the character names are partially consistent with the characters in Jin Yong's novels, they are divorced from the plot and have no actual meaning. Some sects and characters in the game exist in history and are not original creations of Jin Yong. When promoting the game, "adapted from Jin Yong's works" was not used as an advertising gimmick.

The other three game companies all claimed that they were not the operators of "Six Martial Arts", but platform providers, and provided two technical services for the games involved: one is to provide an account system, and the other is to provide game recharge channels. It is a fee collection, and the income is ultimately enjoyed by Pingjie Company and does not make any profit from it. When the game was uploaded to the platform, the three game companies all required Pingjie Company to provide the corresponding software copyright certificate. They had fulfilled their reasonable review obligations and should not bear joint and several liability for infringement.

Judge Advocate: A detailed comparison between games and Jin Yong’s novels

During the trial, the biggest challenge facing the judge is "how to grasp the infringement facts and degree of infringement in the game as a whole." Jin Yong's four novels and the mobile games involved in the case all contain rich plots. However, considering the cost of litigation, Daxing Company only notarized part of the game process, which undoubtedly made it more difficult for the judge to determine the facts and extent of infringement.

The judge spent a lot of time carefully comparing whether the characters, character relationships, and storyline development shown in the game were substantially similar to Jin Yong's novels. From a character perspective, the characters in the game "Six Martial Arts" include Linghu Chong, Yue Buqun, Ning Zhongze, etc., whose names are exactly the same as those in the written work "Swordsman". After Daxing Company issued an infringement letter, Pingjie Company slightly changed the names of the game characters, but only with homophones. The relationship between the characters is completely consistent with "The Swordsman". Judging from the development of the storyline, the plot development of the game involved is basically the same as that of the first seven chapters of the written work "The Swordsman". From the perspective of detailed design, many classic scenes in "The Swordsman" are reproduced in the game.

The judge in charge pointed out that “the right to adapt refers to the right to change a work and create a new work with originality. The so-called adaptation of a work generally refers to changing the work from one type to another without changing the content of the work. type. Based on the available evidence, the game "Six Sects" obviously constitutes an adaptation of the first seven chapters of the written work "The Swordsman". However, similar storylines of the other three novels do not appear in the game, so it does not constitute an adaptation. Infringement of the exclusive rights to adapt the other three novels.”

In terms of game advertising, Pingjie Company has used many elements from "The Swordsman", "The Legend of Heaven and the Dragon Slayer", "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", and "The Legend of the Condor Heroes". Many fans of the original works have become fans of "Six Sects" Players of the game robbed Daxing Company of its player base, had a negative impact on the development and operation of related games by Daxing Company, and disrupted the normal economic order of the market. Therefore, Pingjie Company’s behavior constituted unfair competition against the plaintiff Daxing Company.

As for Ruibo Company, Aiyou Company and Longyou Company, they are all network service providers and have fulfilled their duty of reasonable care in form. It cannot be concluded that the three game companies have intentional joint infringement.

Taking into account factors such as the popularity of Jin Yong's novels, the operation time of the "Six Schools" game, subjective malice and other factors, the court ordered Pingjie Company to compensate Daxing Company for economic losses of 500,000 yuan in accordance with the law, and published a statement on the official website's homepage for 72 consecutive hours to eliminate the Negative impact.

What Major Adaptations (magic Changes) Have Been Made In The Second Drama Version Of "Ball Lightning"?

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Tong Yao starred as the soul character Lin Yun in the TV series "Ball Lightning". As soon as the news came out, the Internet was in an uproar and controversial! Not only that, the content of the drama version of "Ball Lightning" has also been significantly adapted based on Liu's original work!

Isn’t this a big deal for Liu fans and fans of the original novel?

The drama version of "Ball Lightning" is magically modified, readers' controversy and reactions

See what everyone is saying.

Let’s take a look at the less recognized ones first:

01 The last quantum rose in the original novel is quite romantic. Why did it turn into a blue sun?

02Ding Yi in the original work is no longer there? ! The sextant must be there!

03What about NATO?

04This poster, stone statue, raincoat, kerosene lamp! Da Liu: Have I changed from a wall-facer to a tomb robber? !

05 is about aliens. It is too timid and ambitious. The alien part can be released in the second or third season. I didn’t have the idea of ​​​​developing a big IP, it was just like the "Garden of Eden".

06 "Ball Lightning" was changed by magic. As far as the screenwriting level is concerned, after watching the "Tang Detective" series, I don't want to say anything anymore. It is most likely just a setting of a big Liu. In fact, it is still a love story. I am not looking forward to it. .

07 "Ball Lightning" was the first article by Liu that I read. I was very emotional about it. When I was young, I even actually looked for reports on ball lightning.

08 Now I’m scared when I see the adaptation!

09 When I heard that "Ball Lightning" was going to be filmed, I was excited. When I saw the synopsis of the story, I hated myself for having eyes.

10 Although I hope this adaptation is just a rumor, don’t do it easily if you are not prepared, otherwise it will attract a lot of criticism and it will be a waste of money!

11 "Observer" organization? Observer.com may consider sending a letter! If true, then the main core of "Ball Lightning" will become a dispute between earth and aliens.

Of course, there are also those who hold a detached attitude towards adaptation:

01 Many people are worried that the background of war has been magically changed. I think this is too contemptuous of the story. War is just a vehicle for the story, a sublimation, a field of application for ball lightning.

As long as this carrier and sublimation are not abrupt, it will not affect the core of the story.

War is not the core of the ball lightning story. I think the core of the story should lie in the conjecture and interpretation of quantum states, and this is easier to be modified by magic.

Just imagine, there are several traffic stars wearing white coats, talking about Schrödinger's cat, this is even more terrifying.

02 Liu's "Ball Lightning" has undergone major changes. Don't worry, rest assured. No matter how bad it is, it won't become the movie version of "Battlefield Earth", right? They are all considered "classics".

What major adaptations (magic changes) have been made in the second drama version of "Ball Lightning"?

According to available information, the adaptation direction of the drama version of "Ball Lightning" is roughly as follows:

When Lin Yun was a child, he was abducted by outer space forces (talk about surveillance!) and witnessed his mother's death, which caused him inner trauma. Later, she returned to Earth with a cold and mysterious veil, and was engaged in the research and development of new concept weapons in the military. She planned to research new weapons to fight aliens and prevent them from plundering the earth.

After his parents passed away unexpectedly, Dr. Chen fell into crazy research on ball lightning. During an operation against the "Eden Organization", Lin Yun unexpectedly witnessed the power of ball lightning and included Dr. Chen's research as the focus of the research and development of new concept weapons.

Afterwards, they formed an expert team on ball lightning to explore and study it. With in-depth research, everyone discovered that evil forces are constantly destroying the earth's environment. This is related to our survival, and the evil forces must be driven away.

Fearless, Lin Yun led the expert team to overcome difficulties and crack the secret of ball lightning. When the alien forces arrived, Lin Yun used the nuclear fusion caused by ball lightning to destroy their plunder plan and died together with the evil elements.

If the plot of the drama version of "Ball Lightning" is indeed as mentioned above, then it is no longer the original story at all, but a new version of the names of the characters in the original work and novel.

Can fans of the original novel not be angry and excited?

Is this kind of adaptation a bold innovation that keeps pace with the times? Or is it a marketing gimmick to capitalize on Liu’s fame to gain attention? Is this adaptation reasonable? Can he be worthy of Lin Yun in the original work?

Let our Lin Yun sacrifice himself in defending the earth! Should we be so great? To this day, there are still many hostile countries that hate us and always want to plot against us and bully us!

A gentleman repays kindness with kindness and repays evil with straightness. This is the teaching of the sage Confucius!

Should we sacrifice our own goddesses to protect them? Will they put down their butcher's knives and become Buddhas immediately?

Three creative backgrounds of Liu Cixin’s “Ball Lightning”

It was 2005 when Liu published "Ball Lightning". Everyone knows that at that time, our country's military technology level was still among the third echelon in the world!

In addition to the Su-27 and Su-30 purchased by the Air Force from Russia, the domestically produced J-10A has just been commissioned into the army. A large number of the Air Force is equipped with second-generation aircraft such as the J-7 and J-8!

In terms of the navy, the 052C guided missile destroyer had just been launched into service at that time, and the number was even pitifully small; only two 054 frigates were in service, and the anti-aircraft missiles were still 8-unit Haihong 7, which only had some air defense capabilities; the number of aircraft carriers was 0!

Facing external enemies that have become high-tech and information-based, how to stop aggression, win wars, and maintain national security is indeed a huge challenge!

Liu's "Ball Lightning" was created under this background. It relies on the spirit of sacrifice and self-destruction through macro-fusion to deter the enemy. How sad, bitter and helpless!

However, what people did not expect was that in 2011, the J-20 was born; in 2012, the Liaoning ship was delivered to the Navy; in the same year, the 052D was launched; in 2017, the 055 large destroyer was launched.

By 2023, the number of J-20 fighter jets in the Chinese Air Force has exceeded the 200 mark; the number of J-16 fighter jets has exceeded 300; and the number of J-10C fighter jets and equipment is considerable. At present, the Chinese Air Force has at least 810 fourth-and-a-half-generation and fifth-generation fighter jets; plus the fourth-generation fighter jets mainly J-11B, J-10A, and Su-30MKK, the total number is at least 1,600.

In addition, the Chinese Air Force also has 70 KJ-2000 strategic early warning aircraft, KJ-200 and KJ-500 tactical early warning aircraft, 80 Y-20 strategic transport aircraft, 200 Y-8 and Y-9 series transport aircraft and special aircraft. In addition to the above H-6G/K/J/N bombers and other aircraft types, the PLA Air Force has at least 2,800-3,000 combat aircraft of various types.

In terms of the navy, there are 3 conventionally powered aircraft carriers, 3 amphibious assault ships, 37 large landing ships, 50 destroyers, 99 frigates, 75 submarines, and 78 other auxiliary ships; the naval aviation force also has more than 700 aircraft of various types. combat aircraft.

The balance of power has undergone major changes, and the one-sided balance has finally become basically even!

The balance of power has changed, and the defense situation has become a stalemate. The balance of power between major military powers is the basis for peace. The combat objects, strategies and tactics also need to be adjusted accordingly!

If Liu could predict the future development of our country's military power and military technology before writing "Ball Lightning", perhaps there would be no "Ball Lightning"!

However, in the context of that time, Liu used "ball lightning" and "full-band blocking jamming" as a deterrent force and a strategy to win peace from a science fiction perspective. This is quite remarkable!

In the context of that time, what other options did we have? Just because we have today, we cannot forget how we got here yesterday!

Starting from "Ball Lightning" to "Three-Body", Liu relied on his rich knowledge, bold imagination, and magnificent language to let us see another world, a larger and more distant world!

Liu just relied on his own efforts to create a new era of Chinese science fiction works, and also created a new era of world science fiction works! Today and in the foreseeable future, it is unrealistic to talk about science fiction without Da Liu. Da Liu has become a frame of reference in the science fiction world!

Rather than saying that "The Three-Body Problem" is Liu's masterpiece, it would be better to say that "Ball Lightning" is!

From today's perspective, due to the change in the balance of power, the war in the original "Ball Lightning" is basically impossible to fight!

However, have you ever thought about what we would do if a war like the one in the novel happened during the era when Liu wrote "Ball Lightning"? What kind of strategies do we need, what kind of people do we need? What kind of spirit do we need? Only then can we survive that era!

We need Lin Yun! We need a large group of people like Lin Yun!

It was a lucky thing that the war in the original novel did not happen, but why didn't the war happen? Were there once many people like Lin Yun who looked down upon death? In that era, they were ready to die with the enemy and were ready to use their own sacrifices to defend peace at any time!

I think so!

The war in the novel did not happen. Should we forget Lin Yun? It shouldn't be!

Who is Si Linyun?

She is Lin Yun, but she is not Lin Yun. She is the collective spirit of a group!

How should we commemorate Lin Yun?

The best way is to let Lin Yun's spirit be reborn in a new image in a new era and a new context! Come back into our lives!

Although Lin Yun was quantized in the macro-fusion explosion in the original work, only her body disappeared, and what remains forever in time and space is her spirit!

Some netizens once dedicated this poem to Lin Yun: Tesla passes through the plane and weaves into one Weber after another. Abe rushes through ohms, looking for farads, charging to a volt, the electric key is broken, I surge out in the name of Coulomb, turn into joules, and disappear into thin air for you.

Although "Ball Lightning" is a science fiction work, it is also a realistic and romantic story.

At the end of the novel, Lin Yun stood among the children, wearing a neat major's military uniform. The smile on his face was as beautiful as ever.

Lin Yun's spirit and image will live forever. No matter in this time and space or in that time and space, she will be in our hearts! She should be in our hearts!

Can the plot adaptation of the drama version of "Ball Lightning" realize our memory and memory of Lin Yun?

The drama version of "Ball Lightning" has been completed, because we have only seen part of the adaptation. We don't know how other countries and organizations will behave in the face of alien enemies!

The requirements are not too high, as long as the adaptation level of "The Wandering Earth" can be achieved, it will be a comfort to Lin Yun!

I hope that the adapted drama version of "Ball Lightning" will not disappoint everyone. This is not only responsible for the readers and audiences, but also for the crew and actors themselves!

If the drama version of "Ball Lightning" fails, it will undoubtedly be another blow to the confidence in domestic science fiction dramas that has just been established with the TV series "The Three-Body Problem".

Chen Sicheng's crew and actors really need to think about it, have you really entered Lin Yun's inner world?

Have you truly entered the inner world of readers and viewers?

Have you truly walked into the deepest parts of history in those eras?

She is so beautiful, so mysterious, and even a little dangerous; her experience is so strange, and her ending is so sentimental; but she is always so fascinating!

"Two roads diverged in a golden forest. It's a pity that we couldn't set foot on it at the same time, but we chose the one less traveled by. That decided our lives from then on!"

Dedicated again to Lin Yun, our Lin Yun, China’s Lin Yun!